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Holt, Rinehart and WinstonThe publishing firm of Henry Holt and Company was founded in 1866. See 'The house of Holt, 1866-1946: an editorial history' by Ellen D. Gilbert (1993). In 1959-60 the firm merged with Rinehart and Company and the John C. Winston Company to form Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Holt, Rinehart and Winston was purchased by CBS in 1967, and was then divided by sales in 1985-1986. Most of the publishing division of CBS was purchased by Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich in 1986, and Holt, Rinehart and Winston became a Harcourt Education imprint. See the FOB entry for Harcourt, Brace & Company, which indicates that in December 2007 Reed Elsevier sold Harcourt Education to Houghton Mifflin. Holt, Rinehart and Winston is now the Holt McDougal division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. See www.harcourt.com and www.hmhco.com.2008
Hopwood & CrewThe firm of Hopwood & Crew was founded in 1860. In 1906 it was merged with Eugene Ascherberg & Co. to form Ascherberg, Hopwood & Crew. See the FOB entry for Ascherberg, Hopwood & Crew, which indicates that any surving rights will belong to Warner Chappell Music. See www.warnerchappell.co.uk.2007
Houghton, Osgood and CompanyHoughton, Osgood and Company was one of numerous predecessor firms of Houghton Mifflin. The firm was formed in 1878 by a merger of Hurt & Houghton and James R. Osgood and Company. In 1880 James R. Osgood withdrew from the firm to re-form his own company and Henry Houghton and George Mifflin formed Houghton Mifflin, absorbing the debts of Houghton, Osgood and Company. See 'Dictionary of Literary Biography' 49 (1986), pp. 219-220 & 341-347 and see the Company History page of www.hmco.com.2009
Hurd and HoughtonThe publishing firm of Hurd and Houghton was founded in New York in 1864 by Melancthon Hurd and Henry Houghton. In 1878 the firm merged with James R. Osgood and Company to form Houghton, Osgood and Company. See 'Dictionary of Literary Biography' 49 (1986), pp. 219-220; the FOB entry for Houghton, Osgood and Company; and the Company History page of www.hmco.com.2009
HutchinsonGeorge Hutchinson founded his publishing company in 1887 and it remained a family firm until it was sold to London Weekend Television in 1979. In 1985 London Weekend Television sold Hutchinson to Century and the firm of Century Hutchinson was formed. Century Hutchinson was purchased by Random House UK in 1989. Random House UK was known as the "Random Century Group Limited" from 1989 to 1992, when it was renamed "Random House UK Limited". Random House was purchased by Bertelsmann AG in 1998 and now functions as a "corporate division" of Bertelsmann. See www.bertelsmann.com and www.randomhouse.co.uk.2008
Incorporated Society of AuthorsIncorporated Society of Authors was an early name of what is now the Society of Authors. See e.g. 'Hardy succeeds Meredith: accepts the presidency of the Incorporated Society of Authors', New York Times, 20 March 1910. See www.societyofauthors.org.2008
Increase Cooke and CompanyIncrease Cooke founded his bookselling and publishing firm in New Haven, Connecticut in 1802. The firm ceased publishing in 1813 and Cooke died the following year. See 'Dictionary of Literary Biography' 49 (1986), p. 103.2009
Irwin P. Beadle and CompanyThe publishing firm of Irwin P. Beadle and Company was founded by Irwin Beadle and Robert Adams in 1859, and forms part of the complex of firms usually described as Beadle and Adams (q.v.). Several times Irwin Beadle separated from the main firm, founding a second Irwin P. Beadle and Company in 1862 (sold to George Munro in 1864) and a third Irwin P. Beadle and Company from 1865 to 1867. See www.ulib.niu.edu/badndp and 'Dictionary of Literary Biography' 49 (1986), pp. 43-46.2009
J. & A. ChurchillThe medical publishers J. & A. Churchill had become part of the Longman Group before the merger with Penguin in 1970 and the subsequent formation of the Pearson Longman Group. See the Longman entry in FOB and www.pearson.com. 2008
J. & J. J. DeightonThe Cambridge firm of J. & J. J. Deighton was acquired by George Bell in 1854. See the FOB entry for George Bell & Sons Ltd.2008

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