Anthony Walter Patrick Hamilton was born on St. Patrick's Day in 1904 at Hassocks, Sussex, England. Patrick was the last of three children-Helen (known as Lalla to the family and Diana to her friends in the theater), Bruce, and Patrick-born to Bernard and Ellen Adèle Hockley Hamilton. Although Bernard, Patrick's father, had inherited a considerable sum of money at age twenty-one, by the time Patrick was born very little of the inheritance remained, forcing Patrick to spend the latter years of his youth in a variety of middle-class boarding houses and rented rooms. His experiences and memories from these rented quarters helped to shape the characters, described in the September 1951 as the faithless, the uprooted, the lonely souls, in his early fictional work.

Patrick Hamilton's earliest published piece, a poem titled appeared in the respected journal in 1919. His first novel was published by Constable six years later in 1925. Michael Sadleir, a book collector and noted Victorianist, had accepted the novel for Constable and it was during the publishing of that the two men began a career-long friendship. Hamilton's most famous work , originally presented on stage in 1929, enjoyed success as a theater and radio production and eventually as an Alfred Hitchcock film. success brought critical acclaim and monetary compensation to Hamilton for the rest of his life.

The 1930s were a tumultuous time for Patrick and the Hamilton family. In August 1930 Patrick secretly married Lois Martin just days after his father's death. Lois seemed to have a good effect on Patrick. She took over his finances, suggested a move to the countryside, and limited (and eventually temporarily banned) his consumption of alcohol during his composition of 1931. Despite his newfound responsibility, tragedy struck in 1932. While walking with his sister and wife in London, Hamilton was struck by a drunk driver and dragged through the street. His injuries were devastating. After a three-month hospital stay, multiple surgeries, and a period of convalescence, Hamilton suffered physical and emotional scars that would continue with him for the rest of his life. His accident appeared in his work after he added a drunken driving accident into the before its late 1932 publication. Two years later in 1934 Hamilton's mother committed suicide in response to a devastating illness. During this difficult period, Hamilton focused his creative energies to write (1934), the third novel in a trilogy about a pub called the Midnight Bell and the characters that frequented it. In 1935, Constable published the trilogy under the title . Noted author J. B. Priestley wrote a preface for the book signaling Hamilton's growing literary fame.

In 1933, Hamilton began to study Marxism, possibly stemming from his brother Bruce's letters during a trip to the Soviet Union, or his reading of Karl Marx and Lenin. Hamilton's interest in Marxism and his compassion for the semi-proletariat, his term for people living life on the margins, explain his humanistic tendency to tell stories of the poor and underrepresented.

After 1937, Hamilton enjoyed a productive few years publishing a range of successful and critically acclaimed novels and plays including (1939), (1939), (1939), (1941), (1943), and (1947). Additionally, in 1947 Hamilton advised Alfred Hitchcock on the production of the film version of ; however, the relationship soured due to Hamilton's perceived lack of influence over the film and was eventually so displeased with the final result that he went on an alcoholic binge resulting in a brief stay at a nursing home to recover.

Although Hamilton was succeeding professionally, personally his life was becoming more chaotic. Sometime during 1948-1949 Hamilton began an extra-martial affair with Ursula Stewart, born Lady Ursula Chetwynd-Talbot, an author who published under the name Laura Talbot. For years Hamilton would live with La, as her friends called her, during the week and return to his wife Lois on the weekend. Even after Hamilton's divorce from Lois in 1953 and his marriage to La in 1954, this triangular love affair continued until Hamilton's death. Despite his tumultuous private life, Hamilton was able to write three novels about the sociopath and criminal Ralph Ernest Gorse, (1951), (1953), and (1954). The Gorse novels were moderately successful and were made into a television mini-series in the 1990s. His final play (1953) was not critically acclaimed and although it was published as a book in 1954, the play never made it to the West End in London.

The final years of Hamilton's life were unproductive and difficult. In times of sobriety, Hamilton worked on two novels and but neither were completed or published. Hamilton's alcoholism and dysfunctional private life eventually lead to a bout of depression. On the advice of La's former husband, Hamilton underwent electroshock therapy, but to no avail. Still plagued by alcoholism, Hamilton died September 23, 1962.