Acquisition:	Purchases, 2002-2012 (R15005, R15098, 12-12-001-P)
	Processed by:	Liz Murray, 2003; Daniela Lozano, 2015 Born digital materials processed, arranged, and described by Chance Adams and Brenna Edwards, 2015-2023.

Repository:

Harry Ransom Center, The University of Texas at Austin

	Russell Earl Banks was born on March 28, 1940, in Newton, Massachusetts, the eldest of four children, to Earl Banks and Florence Taylor. They lived in New Hampshire but moved back to Massachusetts after Earl abandoned the family when Banks was 12 years old. Banks was awarded a full scholarship to Colgate University in Hamilton, New York, but dropped out in the first semester. Intending to join Fidel Castro’s insurgent army, he hitchhiked to Florida, but instead of travelling to Cuba, Banks remained in Florida where he met and married Darlene Bennett with whom he had a daughter, Leona, born in 1960.
	Banks and his family moved to Boston, and it was while working at a bookstore there that he began socializing with a literary crowd and trying his hand at writing poetry and stories. He and Darlene divorced in February 1962 and, in October of that year, he married Mary Gunst and they had three daughters: Caerthan (b. 1964), Maia (b. 1968), and Danis (b. 1970). In 1964, Banks enrolled at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. There, he co-founded the journal, Lillabulero, which became a successful literary magazine that ran for nine years. He graduated in 1967 after just three years.
	In 1968, Banks began teaching at Emerson College in Boston, and then at the University of New Hampshire at Durham in 1970. In 1975, he published his first collection of short stories, Searching for Survivors, as well as his first novel, Family Life. The next year Banks was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship which allowed him to take a break from teaching and live in Jamaica from May 1976 to September 1977. His second novel, Hamilton Stark, was completed during this time and published in 1978. Banks also used his time in Jamaica to gather material for another novel, The Book of Jamaica (1980) which was awarded an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation.
	Upon their return from Jamaica, Banks and Mary divorced. Banks began teaching at the University of New England until 1982, then went on to teach at Columbia University, and briefly, at New York University and the University of Alabama. In 1982, Banks was offered a professorship at Princeton University, and he married his third wife, Kathy Wilton, an editor at Harper and Row. They divorced in 1988, after which he married poet Chase Twichell. Works published during this decade include Continental Drift (1985), which was awarded the John Dos Passos Prize for Fiction and was a Pulitzer Prize finalist; the short story collection Success Stories (1986); and Affliction (1989), which was later adapted into a film directed by Paul Schrader.
	Banks continued to produce novels in the following decades including The Sweet Hereafter (1991), which was adapted into a film directed by Atom Egoyan; Rule of the Bone (1995); the Pulitzer Prize finalist, Cloudsplitter (1998); The Reserve (2006); and Lost Memory of Skin (2011). He also published the short story collection, The Angel on the Roof (2000), and the nonfiction work, Dreaming Up America (2008), an expanded version of an interview, Amérique: notre histoire, first published in France in 2006.
	Banks won numerous awards including National Endowment for the Arts Creative Writing Fellowships, the St. Lawrence Award for Short Fiction, O. Henry and Best American Short Story Award, and the Literature Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He retired from teaching at Princeton in 1997. Banks died January 7, 2023 in Saratoga Springs, New York.

	The literary papers of American writer Russell Banks span a fifty-year career from the early 1960s to 2019. The collection includes material for his novels and collected short stories, from notes and drafts of works to publication material and reviews, as well as screenplays written by Banks and by others based on his novels. Also present are shorter works, such as articles and essays, introductions, plays, poems, reviews, and short stories. The papers also contain extensive correspondence, articles about Banks, biographical information, diary notes, contracts, published material, and works by others. The papers are arranged in four series: I. Works, 1969-2012, undated; II. Correspondence, 1960s-2009, undated; III. Personal and Career Related, 1968-2009; and IV. Published Material, 1963-2011.
	Series I. Works is divided into two subseries: A. Novels, Collections, Screenplays; and B. Short Works and Other Writings. This material is arranged alphabetically by title.
	Subseries A. Novels, Collections, Screenplays contains material related to Banks’s published novels including Affliction, The Book of Jamaica, Cloudsplitter, Continental Drift, The Darling, Family Life, Hamilton Stark, Lost Memory of Skin, The Relation of My Imprisonment, The Reserve, Rule of the Bone, and The Sweet Hereafter. Also present are typescript drafts of Banks’s unpublished first novel, The Locus. Screenplays for two of his novels that were subsequently adapted to the screen in 1997, Affliction, directed by Paul Schrader, and The Sweet Hereafter, directed by Atom Egoyan, are also found in this subseries. Other novels which include screenplay adaptations written by Banks and/or others are The Book of Jamaica, Cloudsplitter, and Continental Drift. Screenplays and material related to a film based on Jack Kerouac's On the Road are also present. Short story collections in this subseries include The Angel on the Roof, The New World, Searching for Survivors, Success Stories, and Trailerpark. Other works represented here include Outer Banks, a novel compilation consisting of Family Life, Hamilton Stark, and The Relation of My Imprisonment; The Invisible Stranger, a collaboration with photographer Arturo Patten; and two nonfiction works, Amérique: notre histoire, an interview with Banks published in French, and Dreaming Up America, the expanded English version of the interview.
	Notebooks and a typescript draft for Lost Memory of Skin and a typescript draft of The Darling contained paperclips on the edges of individual pages used to flag those pages. The paperclipped pages were photocopied and filed with the corresponding material and the paperclips were removed to prevent damage to the paper.
	Subseries B. Short Works and Other Writings includes articles for magazines and newspapers, such as The New York Times, Condé Nast Traveler, The New Republic, Vanity Fair, and The Atlantic. Article topics cover a wide range of people and places from the Adirondacks, Edinburgh, Seychelles, and the Everglades to Eudora Welty, Billie Holiday, Paul Strand, and Raymond Carver. Banks wrote introductions to works by Nelson Algren, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Frank O’Connor, Michael Rumaker, and Mark Twain. Plays, poems, research material for various projects, reviews, and short stories are also included in this subseries.
	Series II. Correspondence is organized in three subseries: A. Chronological; B. Individual Correspondents; and C. Career-Related Correspondence. While Banks kept his correspondence primarily in date order, frequent correspondents were identified separately and housed apart from the chronological files, although there is some crossover between the two. Letters from Bill Corbett, Clarence Major, William Matthews, Joyce Carol Oates, Leon Rooke, Charles Simic, Jonathan Williams, and Arthur Yanoff are particularly numerous. The career-related files found in Subseries C reflect Banks’s involvement with the Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines, the Princeton Writing Program, and the publications Lillabulero and Ploughshares. Files relating to academic appointments, publishing, requests for literary engagements, editorial and writing projects, and readings are also found in this subseries.
	Series III. Personal and Career Related contains material that provides additional information about Banks in the form of articles about him, an autobiographical piece for Contemporary Authors, and a diary written between September 1978 and March 1984. Publishing contracts, interviews, lectures and speeches, and works by Jane Anderson, Ray Buck, Brad Mirman, and Joel Tuber are also present.
	Series IV. Published Material is made up of literary and popular magazines in which articles by and about Banks, excerpts from novels, interviews, reviews, and stories are published. This material is arranged alphabetically by the title of the periodical, and indexed by title of the work by or about Banks in the Index to Published Material. In cases where both a manuscript and published version exist for the same work, the published version is filed with the manuscript.
	The material is in good condition, except for several items in the Hamilton Stark section that are mold-damaged. This material is currently restricted until it has been treated by the Conservation Department.

Additional materials related to Russell Banks are located in the Ransom Center’s Russell Banks Collection and the Paul Schrader Papers.

Books, video tapes, sound recordings, and computer disks received with the papers have been transferred to appropriate departments within the Ransom Center. Sound Recordings are described individually in a list at the end of this finding aid and in a searchable database